Audio problem: When going up the escalator, Booth's lines after the quip about tying up horses are overdubbed. (00:37:10)
Continuity mistake: Booth finds the entry in the diary and holds up a square of paper. Camera cuts and he is now looking at his watch with the diary and paper gone. (00:35:25)
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Booth are discussing him and Tessa breaking up, the background outside the car changes between traveling at speed, traveling slowly, travelling through residential and traveling on highways all instantly. (00:32:25)
Continuity mistake: When talking to the brother, he bends over to place a tray of drinks on the table. Camera changes and he is suddenly stood bolt upright. (00:20:25)
Continuity mistake: When Bones is arguing with Booth and Angela at the bar, we see 3 extras walk in to the bar behind Bones. Camera cuts and they have disappeared. (00:18:20)
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Booth are arguing in the bar about the wife having an affair, Bones has chopsticks in her hand that disappears. (00:18:00)
Visible crew/equipment: When in the interrogation room after it is determined that The Man in the SUV is a victim, you can see a camera shadow on the wall by Bones. This shadow moves when no-one else does. (00:15:00)
Continuity mistake: Bones holds a red bag that is scrunched up for Angela at the start. Camera cuts and the bag is unfolded and being held open by Bones. (00:03:00)
Continuity mistake: When the director is looking at the 2 photos Booth hands him, there is a shot of the two photos one on top of the other neatly. Camera changes and they are no longer neatly on top of each other. The bottom one is sticking out and should have been visible in the previous shot. (00:18:40)
The Woman in the Whirlpool - S10-E20
Factual error: Brennan gives Jessica an X-ray with Technetium (Tc99m) for her collection. It's not an X-ray but a PET scan and it's not Technetium but most likely Fluor 18 (also radioactive) labeled sugar: F-18-FDG.
The Gunk in the Garage - S8-E3
Revealing mistake: Dr. Sweets gets shot by a stray bullet. However, before they fire their guns when Dr. Sweets says "they have guns" he already has the blood shot stain on his shirt. (00:39:10)
The Predator in the Pool - S5-E18
Continuity mistake: When Brennan and Hodgins are in the aquarium tank recovering the skull, the hose for Brennan's air starts over her left shoulder. During the first close up where Brennan is actually retrieving the skull, the breathing apparatus has been reversed, so the hose is now over her right shoulder. All other shots the hose is over the left shoulder. (00:06:30 - 00:08:00)
The Girl in the Gator - S2-E13
Visible crew/equipment: At the start, the ice cream van stops and Booth shoots the clown. If you look at the road there is an orange tape marker visible where the van stops. (00:02:15)
High Treason in the Holiday Season - S11-E8
Visible crew/equipment: While they're doing a full workup of the room at the Riverbanks Inn, just as Hodgins mentions that Ryan Gill has been in the room like an elephant in a china shop, when Agent Aubrey walks in the T-mark can be seen on the carpet. (In the Netflix version the T-mark has been edited out).
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.