Revealing mistake: When Booth is running down the hill, there are marks in front of him from previous takes. (00:36:00)
Revealing mistake: Near the end we see the black FBI vehicle driving over the mine dust and there are tyre marks from previous takes visible. (00:34:20)
Character mistake: Sweets is a psychologist who deals with the team's problems. However he is constantly shown breaking patient confidentiality by mentioning what has been said in sessions.
The Final Chapter: The End in the End - S12-E12
Continuity mistake: When Booth finds Bones she has a piece of glass on her face that turns into 3 pieces then back to 1. (00:03:00)
The Soldier on the Grave - S1-E21
Visible crew/equipment: When Booth leans down to greet Hank, his mic wire is visible against his white shirt under split in his jacket. (00:11:30)
The Final Chapter: The Steal in the Wheels - S12-E9
Revealing mistake: When Booth launches his car off the other car in the derby, the sparks that appear don't line up with where Booth hits the car. (00:35:35)
The Final Chapter: The Steal in the Wheels - S12-E9
Other mistake: When Rolfe walks up to the platform with Angela at the start, he is 3 or 4 steps in front of Angela who swipes her card to grant access to the platform but no alarm sounds. (00:08:00)
The Final Chapter: The Grief and the Girl - S12-E8
Visible crew/equipment: When we see the aerial shot of the harbour in Canada, the filming helicopter's shadow can be seen on the sea surface. (00:13:00)
The Final Chapter: The Scare in the Score - S12-E7
Audio problem: When Max is telling Bones about the pacemaker, in a few of the over the shoulder shots Max is still talking but there is no audio. (00:03:00)
The Final Chapter: The Flaw in the Saw - S12-E6
Continuity mistake: At the start the intern puts the liver to one side, which promptly disappears.
The Man with the Bone - S1-E18
Visible crew/equipment: When Jack is getting the rope out of the van you can see the film crew reflected. (00:09:00)
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Continuity mistake: Booth chucks a bag to Bones, who's still in bed. The bag is seen rolling off her in one shot and then it's back on her in the next shot. (00:07:25)
The Skull in the Desert - S1-E17
Continuity mistake: Booth chucks a bag over to Bones and it lands on her legs. Camera cuts and now it's up by her chest. (00:07:15)
Two Bodies in the Lab - S1-E15
Revealing mistake: At the end, Booth takes a shot at the rogue agent who drops his gun. The only problem is Booth's shot misses the other agent. (00:39:20)
Two Bodies in the Lab - S1-E15
Revealing mistake: Bones rolls backwards to pick up a gun. However, when she stands up she's emptied handed until a few seconds later when she has it taken off her. (00:35:30)
Two Bodies in the Lab - S1-E15
Continuity mistake: Just after David rings Bones while she's at home, Booth's hand goes from open to closed instantly. (00:25:45)
Two Bodies in the Lab - S1-E15
Continuity mistake: Bones holds up a bunch of keys about halfway through. Her grip changes on the keys instantly. (00:22:35)
The Woman in the Garden - S1-E13
Continuity mistake: When Booth checks out the gang tattoo his grip on the suspect's shoulders changes instantly. (00:01:00)
The Superhero in the Alley - S1-E12
Visible crew/equipment: At the very start the landing skid of the filming helicopter is in shot for several seconds. (00:00:10)
The Man in the Fallout Shelter - S1-E9
Continuity mistake: At the very start we have a message appear on screen saying it's December 23rd, 6pm. When we see Hodgins and Zack the clock shows 4:30. (00:00:25 - 00:02:40)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.