The Finger in the Nest - S4-E4
Continuity mistake: Booth asks to hear Schatz bark, the owners hand moves from petting the dog to in his lap holding the chain between shots. (00:11:10)
Continuity mistake: When Booth is freaking out about a cup of coffee while stood in the middle of the roundabout, 2 cars pass him. Camera cuts and the second car is going past again. (00:15:20)
Continuity mistake: When the British police woman is saying what jurisdiction Booth will have, his shirt lapel goes from unobstructed to folded over. (00:05:30)
The Crank in the Shaft - S4-E6
Continuity mistake: Bones walks onto the lab platform - first, there's no beep from the card reader, and second, she comes up on the wrong side of the steps, where there is no card reader anyway. The mistake is that the production team seems to have completely forgotten about the requirement for card access to that platform. They've had card access required since Season 1; anytime someone doesn't swipe their card, alarms go off. (00:26:00)
The Perfect Pieces in the Purple Pond - S4-E5
Continuity mistake: Bones tests some liquid to determine if blood is present. She uses about 2" in the test tube. The result shows a pink hue, not red. The camera angle changes, and now there's only about 1" in the tube, and it is red, not pink. (00:31:10)
The Beaver in the Otter - S4-E24
Continuity mistake: When confronting Molly about sleeping with the victim, Booth has both hands down by his side. When the camera cuts his one hand is now scratching his cheek. (00:14:15)
Continuity mistake: When interviewing Lexi she puts her arms up and plays with her hair in one shot but then in the next her arms are down. (00:28:30)
The Doctor in the Den - S4-E18
Continuity mistake: When Booth is questioning Brandon for the first time, Booth and Brandon's positions in the interview room are different to the live feed behind the glass. (00:16:40)
The Salt in the Wounds - S4-E17
Continuity mistake: When lowering the remains into the tank, Aristoo's grip on the remains changes instantly. (00:11:05)
The Princess and the Pear - S4-E15
Continuity mistake: When Hodgins finds the sword the plastic wrap is very wide around the hilt. When he holds the sword up, the plastic is flush with the hilt. (00:20:40)
The Passenger in the Oven - S4-E10
Continuity mistake: When Booth sneaks into 1st class at the start Bones slides her eye mask up on her forehead. A few shots later, without touching her mask, it is now a lot higher on her forehead. (00:02:15)
The Beaver in the Otter - S4-E24
Continuity mistake: When Bones is telling the physics professor that 5 students failed the exam, the professor is clasping up her briefcase. Shot changes and her hand is no longer on the briefcase. (00:22:10)
Continuity mistake: When in the diner after going to the Japanese tea room, Booth has his fingers rubbing his temple. Shot changes and his hand is lowered. (00:11:15)
The Skull in the Sculpture - S4-E8
Continuity mistake: Booth asks Roxy if she used to get the victim his drugs. When he does so, he has his hands clasped together with his index finger raised. When the shot changes, his hands are no longer clasped and the index finger is no longer raised. (00:15:40)
The Doctor in the Den - S4-E18
Continuity mistake: When Angela first walks onto the platform at the start and starts flirting with Clark, the way she holds her folder changes between shots. (00:03:30)
The Salt in the Wounds - S4-E17
Continuity mistake: The way Booth's hands are clasped when talking to Clint at the end in the diner changes between shots. (00:39:00)
Continuity mistake: Hodgins takes the lid off the fish blender twice when trying to find out what killed the fish. (00:32:00)
The Critic in the Cabernet - S4-E25
Continuity mistake: Hodgins and Fisher are discussing how hard it is to remove wine stain. Hodgins' rubber gloves are very dirty. When Fisher realizes how to clean the bones, Hodgins' gloves are much cleaner, only stained around the finger tips.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.