The Final Chapter: The Flaw in the Saw - S12-E6
Revealing mistake: At the very end we see Bones and Booth on the rolling log. In the front view the log is obscured from shot however it's clear from the motions of Booth and particularly Bones that they are stood on level ground, mimicking the actions of being on the log. (00:41:00)
The Final Chapter: The Flaw in the Saw - S12-E6
Continuity mistake: At the start the intern puts the liver to one side, which promptly disappears.
The Final Chapter: The Scare in the Score - S12-E7
Audio problem: When Max is telling Bones about the pacemaker, in a few of the over the shoulder shots Max is still talking but there is no audio. (00:03:00)
The Final Chapter: The Scare in the Score - S12-E7
Other mistake: It is found that the bad guys used Brennan's father's pacemaker to find where the safe house is at. An FBI agent at the scene then states that they "never expected Brennan's father" to be there despite him being the reason they found the place.
The Final Chapter: The Grief and the Girl - S12-E8
Visible crew/equipment: When we see the aerial shot of the harbour in Canada, the filming helicopter's shadow can be seen on the sea surface. (00:13:00)
The Final Chapter: The Steal in the Wheels - S12-E9
Other mistake: When Rolfe walks up to the platform with Angela at the start, he is 3 or 4 steps in front of Angela who swipes her card to grant access to the platform but no alarm sounds. (00:08:00)
The Final Chapter: The Steal in the Wheels - S12-E9
Visible crew/equipment: After Fuentes explains to Saroyan why he's not wearing the new lab coat, Fuentes tells Saroyan that he'll be coming to her wedding because they're family, and as the camera pulls back we can see a T-mark on the floor at his feet. (00:18:20)
The Final Chapter: The Steal in the Wheels - S12-E9
Revealing mistake: When Booth launches his car off the other car in the derby, the sparks that appear don't line up with where Booth hits the car. (00:35:35)
The Final Chapter: The Day in the Life - S12-E11
Revealing mistake: Aubrey takes a tablet of some kind. However if you watch closely you will see he drops it in his mug instead of in his mouth.
The Final Chapter: The Day in the Life - S12-E11
Continuity mistake: In Brennan's segment of the episode, the cake on Angela's fork disappears after Brennan points out that saying Booth's aura is "as clean as it's ever been" was sarcasm.
The Final Chapter: The End in the End - S12-E12
Continuity mistake: When Booth finds Bones she has a piece of glass on her face that turns into 3 pieces then back to 1. (00:03:00)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.