The Twisted Bones in the Melted Truck - S6-E8
Factual error: The magnesium shop owner shows a forearm tattoo of "Patton's Third Army," which is actually a patch for the Third Armored Division. Third Army was a large A patch.
The Bullet in the Brain - S6-E11
Factual error: Bone mentions Booth holds the "official record for the longest shot, almost a kilometer", and Booth corrects her to "over a kilometer." The record at the time was actually well over 2km, held by Corporal Rob Furlong, a Canadian sniper (since been beaten, it currently stands at 3.5km). In fact plenty of sniper kills had been recorded at over a kilometer since the late 19th century.
The Carrot in the Kudzu - S9-E18
Factual error: The plant the victim is covered in is not Kudzu. Kudzu is trifoliate (three leaflets per node) with two or three lobes per leaflet, and with entire margins (no serrations). The plant shown is serrated and does not have lobes.
The Drama in the Queen - S9-E23
Factual error: The IP address shown is not possible. IP addresses are always XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX however we are shown an extra set of digits making it XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX.
The Woman in the Whirlpool - S10-E20
Factual error: Brennan gives Jessica an X-ray with Technetium (Tc99m) for her collection. It's not an X-ray but a PET scan and it's not Technetium but most likely Fluor 18 (also radioactive) labeled sugar: F-18-FDG.
The Movie in the Making - S11-E18
Factual error: Angela try to recover some digital data (like SMS or the call list) from memory chip of a 2006 mobile phone. But there's not any memory chip on Angela's work table; there's a SO-DIMM RAM wafer, probably an old DDR which makes no sense: 1. RAM is a volatile memory, so after power off, data goes bye. 2. Lot of chips for a simple mobile phone memory 3. It's a RAM wafer. (00:28:50)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.