The Plain in the Prodigy - S5-E3
Factual error: When Bones and Booth go to visit Levi's parents and Sarah's brother yells at her that she is needed at home, when he gets into the buggy you see him wearing a wedding ring. Amish wear a beard to indicate marital status, not jewelry it is against the religion to wear any decoration including wedding rings. (00:08:50)
The Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood - S5-E4
Factual error: Near the end, the gang is using Luminol to check for blood on neighbourhood signs. Luminol won't work in broad daylight, they should have used a blue light filtering lens to enhance its visibility.
A Night at the Bones Museum - S5-E5
Factual error: Hodgins makes a remark about the mummy wrappings being for an important person because it is a diamond weave pattern. However, the diamond weave pattern didn't come into effect until the Greco-Roman period that began at 332 B.C. It certainly wouldn't be found in an 18th dynasty mummy, no matter how important he was.
A Night at the Bones Museum - S5-E5
Factual error: Hodgins says that natron was a naturally drying agent, which was used in the second century B.C. This is both wrong and right. While it is true that natron was used for mummification, it was used for thousands of years in Egyptian culture, not just the second century B.C.
Factual error: The Roswell, New Mexico sheriff forces Bones to examine the body because it was found in his jurisdiction. But later in the episode, we learn that the body was found 2 kilometers from the border of Mexico. Roswell is not even in a county on the border of New Mexico much less one that borders Mexico. In fact the closest border to Roswell between the US and Mexico would be in Texas - hours drive away. The Roswell sheriff would have no jurisdiction.
The Dentist in the Ditch - S5-E13
Factual error: Booth is introduced to Padme, Jared's girlfriend from India. She explains that they met when they were in "Bangalore visiting the Karnataka Belur temple". Bangalore is the capital city of the state Karnataka. Belur, however, is one of the twin temple towns of Belur and Halebid which is in the district of Hassan, a three-hour drive from Bangalore. There is no Belur temple in Bangalore. (00:06:00)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.