Factual error: The Roswell, New Mexico sheriff forces Bones to examine the body because it was found in his jurisdiction. But later in the episode, we learn that the body was found 2 kilometers from the border of Mexico. Roswell is not even in a county on the border of New Mexico much less one that borders Mexico. In fact the closest border to Roswell between the US and Mexico would be in Texas - hours drive away. The Roswell sheriff would have no jurisdiction.
Continuity mistake: Wendal says he's worried about Hodgins not knowing about him and Angela. When he does, he's stroking Angela's shoulder with his finger tips in one shot but got his whole hand on her shoulder in the next. (00:08:50)
Continuity mistake: When we see Wendal and Angela in bed, Wendal has his arm up by his head in one shot and lowered in the next. (00:08:30)
Continuity mistake: When Booth gets the print off the block, the tape has loads of black charcoal dust on it. The camera now zooms in and shows a distinctive clear finger print with no excess dust. (00:20:00)
Continuity mistake: The amount of blood on the breeze block changes between shots when Bones first looks at it. (00:18:50)
Audio problem: At about 3:47 into the episode, you hear the sound of a slide racking on a pump shotgun, however, when the shotgun wielding woman appears on camera, she is holding a side by side break action double barreled shotgun instead of a pump action.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.