Continuity mistake: When Bart picks up his chair after falling during the intelligent test, you can see there is only a pencil on his desk. In the next shot, his paper appears from nowhere. (00:06:00)
Continuity mistake: When the teacher is looking out of the window, Bart has his paper in front of him on the desk. The paper disappears in the next shot, but reappears when Bart takes Martin's paper off the table and puts it on his desk. (00:06:10)
Continuity mistake: When Bart is in Principal Skinner's office, there is a voice box on the right hand side of the desk. But when Principal Skinner looks into the filing cabinet, the box has gone. (00:06:40)
Continuity mistake: When Skinner is showing Homer the "fake" sick note, the writing is clean and tidy. When we see Skinner comparing the note to the cheque the handwriting is suddenly different. (00:07:15)
Continuity mistake: When Homer hands Principal Skinner the cheque, the back of the cheque is coloured yellow but changes to white a little later on. (00:07:20)
Continuity mistake: When Homer talks to Bart about ties, the two strands of hair on top of his head are missing. (00:09:20)
Continuity mistake: When Bart is explained the answer RDRR, there is a shot of him. There is a blue background where the classroom should be.
Continuity mistake: The whole family goes to the opera to see "Carmen". They have balcony seats and the stage is to their left, yet later on you can see them looking to their right.
Continuity mistake: When explaining RDRR, Ms. Mellon writes "y=r^3/3" on the board behind her. But after she asks, "Don't you get it, Bart?", the equation disappears from the board and she writes it again.
Continuity mistake: When Ms Melon is talking to Bart during the chemistry experiment, she is holding her clipboard with one hand on the back, but in the next shot she is holding the board with both hands on the side.
Continuity mistake: When Richard, Milhouse and Lewis are playing marbles in the school playground, behind Lewis there is only a tree, but in the next shot a table appears from nowhere.
Continuity mistake: When Homer goes to see Bart in his bedroom, the door goes from being open to closed between shots.
Continuity mistake: At lunch, two boys exchange Bart's sandwich for a grape. When they give him the grape, it lands in Bart's right hand but in the next shot he has it in his left hand, and when one boy gives Bart a cup, the grape is back in his right hand again, and in the shot after that, the two items have changed positions.
Continuity mistake: When Ms Melon is showing Bart his new classmates in the classroom at the Learning Center, you can see that Bart is standing in front of a wooden sculpture in one shot, but in the next shot he is standing in front of the bookcase.
Continuity mistake: When Homer and Bart arrive at The Enriched Learning Center, they go to the classroom and you can see there is a sign outside the room saying "Learning Center: Grade IV." But when we see the two a little later on, the writing has gone.
Continuity mistake: During the intelligence test, the table on Bart's paper changes between shots.
Continuity mistake: When Bart and the three other boys are standing by the wall after Bart sprayed a drawing of Principal Skinner, there are bushes by the end of the wall. But when we see Martin standing by the drawing, there are no bushes.
Continuity mistake: Millhouse's hair color changes from when we first see him to when Bart comes back to the school yard.
Continuity mistake: At the very start the twins are stood facing each other. Camera cuts to behind and now they are side by side. (00:01:20)
Continuity mistake: On the bus at the start there are some lines on Mrs. Krabbapple's microphone. They disappear when she tells Bart to sit down. (00:03:00)
Answer: I'm not sure if this is the one you're thinking of, but an episode of "Ray Bradbury Theatre," called "A Sound of Thunder," dealt with a similar matter: a group of hunters travel back in time to hunt dinosaurs, only to find things have changed when they get back because someone stepped on a butterfly.
Xofer