Yesterday's Enterprise - S3-E15
Visible crew/equipment: During the scan of the temporal rift at the beginning of the episode, the tip of the microphone briefly comes into view at the top of the screen above Captain Picard's head when Data says, "Nothing I have seen before." [Not visible in the remastered Blu-ray version].
Answer: Yes. The doors to the holodecks can be locked when in use by anyone aboard the Enterprise so they couldn't be disturbed. However, high ranking officers like Captain Picard could override the doors as it's seen that overrides are in use even for the crews quarters. Even Barclay, when he's indulging in one of his fantasies could have the doors to the holodeck unlocked by an override code.