The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: When handed the sketch in the rose garden, the priest has some secateurs in his right hand which are not there in the closeup of the sketch. (00:05:30)
The Boneless Bride in the River - S2-E16
Visible crew/equipment: When we first see both sets of remains on the table at the Jeffersonian, Angela walks up to the tables and a tape marker is visible on the floor by her feet. (00:31:40)
The Boneless Bride in the River - S2-E16
Visible crew/equipment: When talking to the directors of the funeral home, Booth stands up from his desk and walks behind the 2 people. As he does so, a blue tape marker is visible on the floor by Booth's desk. (00:29:50)
The Boneless Bride in the River - S2-E16
Continuity mistake: Zack identifies the bone as belonging to a male who died 2 years ago of cancer. Booth, when questioning the parents say's it was 3 years ago they buried their son and the parents agree. (00:25:00)
The Boneless Bride in the River - S2-E16
Visible crew/equipment: When examining the hip bone for the 1st time, behind Booth on the floor is a black tape marker level with the ladder. (00:19:50)
Continuity mistake: When they pull the body out of the water, there is some vegetation hanging by the body's face in a close up that wasn't there in a previous mid range shot. (00:03:30)
The Girl in the Gator - S2-E13
Continuity mistake: Gordon holds the form out for Booth and it's neatly folded and Booth takes it as so, However when the shot changes, the form is once again opened. (00:06:30)
The Girl in the Gator - S2-E13
Continuity mistake: At the start Dwight tells Bones that the music attracts the kids. When he does, Bones has both arms outstretched. As the camera changes, she now has one arm across her body. (00:01:00)
The Glowing Bones in the Old Stone House - S2-E20
Continuity mistake: When Abby is found out, she has her arms waving in desperation in one shot but not in others. (00:38:00)
The Glowing Bones in the Old Stone House - S2-E20
Visible crew/equipment: When Booth is in the kitchen at Carly's talking to the husband who is going over the books of the restaurant, a tape marker is visible. (00:18:30)
The Girl in the Gator - S2-E13
Continuity mistake: The form Booth holds out for Gordon is fully opened. Camera changed and now the form is half folded. (00:06:45)
Continuity mistake: Booth chucks Parker's ice cream on the floor along with the napkin. When Bones picks up the napkin the ice cream has gone. (00:20:00)
Other mistake: Bones produces a gun and states that she got it herself. However it is explained in earlier episodes she is not legally allowed a weapon due to being arrested for shooting a suspect.
Revealing mistake: When Booth is running down the hill, there are marks in front of him from previous takes. (00:36:00)
Revealing mistake: Near the end we see the black FBI vehicle driving over the mine dust and there are tyre marks from previous takes visible. (00:34:20)
The Titan on the Tracks - S2-E1
Continuity mistake: At the start we see Bones put her hair up into a ponytail from a high wide shot. Camera changes to ground level and she puts her hair up again. (00:01:10)
The Girl in the Gator - S2-E13
Visible crew/equipment: At the start, the ice cream van stops and Booth shoots the clown. If you look at the road there is an orange tape marker visible where the van stops. (00:02:15)
Continuity mistake: At the diner, before Mrs. Duncan comes to confess about murdering her husband, Brennan takes a sip of tea. Her glass at this point is less than half full. When Mrs. Duncan walks in, the same glass is now almost full.
Continuity mistake: Bones and Booth visit the astronaut's wife at her house to interview her. She starts off at the very right end of the green sofa. She moves towards the middle of the sofa in between shots.
The Boneless Bride in the River - S2-E16
Visible crew/equipment: As we see Sully sail off into the sunset on his own, a hand and head can be seen on the boat with him despite a key point being he is on his own. (00:40:40)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.