The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: In the diner, Booth states that Father Donlan keeps getting sent troublesome priests. When he does he has one hand in the air. Camera cuts and now he has both hands up in the air. (00:31:00)
The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: When Bones and Dr Gordon are in the interrogation room, Dr Gordon has his hands up in front of him when Bones gets a phone call. As the shot changes, his hands are lowered and on the table. (00:26:40)
The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: When the priest is naming the plants, Bones' arms go from by her side to crossed in front of her instantly. (00:05:50)
The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: When the priest names all the plants he points with his right hand which between camera cuts becomes his left arm. (00:05:50)
The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Audio problem: When Father Sands asks Booth if he does all his investigations based on rumour his mouth doesn't move in the over the shoulder shot. (00:29:50)
The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: When Bones is saying about the yew trees near the start, Booth puts his hand up to his mouth to hide him saying shut up. His hand is empty in one shot and got a piece of paper in the next. (00:06:20)
The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: When handed the sketch in the rose garden, the priest has some secateurs in his right hand which are not there in the closeup of the sketch. (00:05:30)
The Priest in the Churchyard - S2-E17
Continuity mistake: At the diner, after Dr. Gordon has told Bones and Booth the problem with their relationship, the two shares a triumphant hand slap. Bones' glass refills itself between shots.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.