Character mistake: When Booth is locked in the ship, his "hallucination" asks Booth why he never bothered to learn some lock picking skills. However, in the episode "Judas on a Pole," Bones tells Booth that she's been practicing some lock picking skills that Booth taught her.

Continuity mistake: At the end, Parker has blood on his cheek that disappears almost instantly. (00:38:00)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.