The Man with the Bone - S1-E18
Character mistake: The finger bone found in the dead man's hand was said to come from somewhere near Assateague Island, to which Hodgins replies, "That's where the money pit is." The "Money Pit" is actually located on Oak Island in Nova Scotia, not on Assateague Island, in Maryland/Virginia. He also says that they dug it out to about 150 feet, which is also incorrect. The 1971 Triton excavation was able to dig a shaft to a depth of 235 feet. What is said to be on Assateague island is the legendary lost Spanish galleon La Galga, not the Money Pit. (00:02:55)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.