Factual error: This episode was supposed to be staged outside of a small Washington State town. About midway, they cut to a mountain background scene that is Half Dome in Yosemite National Park, California, then pan to Booth and Brennan talking to the sheriff. Anyone who does not realize an iconic landmark like Half Dome is not in Washington was asleep in Geography class.
Factual error: When Bones is doing the autopsy on the cannibal victims, she dictates her findings into a tape recorder. She refers to a 'low calibre' gun, rather than the correct 'small calibre' reference. Someone who deals with victims frequently, and who is so specific & detailed, would be well aware of the proper references for such things. (00:32:00)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.