Trivia: 1999 Comic Relief parody special The Curse of Fatal Death, written by Steven Moffat, managed to accurately predict certain characteristics of several New Series Doctors. The parody Tenth Doctor is quite full of himself and licks a mirror - the canonical Tenth Doctor had a tendency toward confident arrogance that sometimes went drastically wrong, and a noted tendency to lick things. Parody Eleven has several personality similarities to parody Ten, but is noticeably stranger - a description that applies to canon Eleven fairly well. And, last but certainly not least, parody Thirteen being a blonde woman was played for laughs in the special, but the real Thirteen being one was not played that way in "Twice Upon a Time."
Trivia: Very few actors have played separate villains in three different Doctor Who shows. Julian Bleach plays Davros in the main Doctor Who series, the Ghostmaker in Torchwood, and the Nightmare Man in The Sarah Jane Adventures. Paul Marc Davies plays the Futurekind leader in Doctor Who, something in Torchwood (I forgot) and the Trickster in Sarah Jane. Nicholas Briggs also provides voices in all three series for aliens and robots.
Trivia: A list of the Doctor's regenerations in the new series, by in-universe chronological order: Eighth Doctor (Paul McGann) - fatally injured by crash-landing on Karn during the Time War, and temporarily revived by the Sisterhood, who gave him a choice of what his next incarnation would be (50th anniversary mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor", released in 2013). The War Doctor (John Hurt) - regenerates of old age after the end of the Time War ("The Day of the Doctor", 50th anniversary special, 2013). Ninth Doctor (Christopher Eccleston) - absorbed the entire Time Vortex from his companion Rose ("The Parting of the Ways"). Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) - radiation poisoning from stepping into the broken Nuclear Bolt cabinet to save Wilfred Mott's life ("The End of Time"). Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith) - old age, after spending nearly a thousand years on Trenzalore defending it from all of his archenemies, and his companion Clara managed to persuade the Time Lords to give him a new regeneration cycle ("The Time of the Doctor"). Twelfth Doctor (Peter Capaldi) - injuries sustained while fighting the Master and the Cybermen onboard a time-dilated Mondasian colony ship (Injuries sustained in "The Doctor Falls", regeneration occurred in "Twice Upon a Time").
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.