Factual error: The Viking village has tubs of electric eels in the boathouse, which prove instrumental to the plot as the power source of the makeshift electromagnet used to relieve several of the attacking aliens of their helmets. The problem is that the Vikings live somewhere in northern Europe, and this episode takes place in the 800s. Electric eels are native to the Amazon and Orinoco rivers of South America, which at this point in history no one in Europe knew existed.
Deliberate mistake: In real life, Viking helmets didn't have horns on them, because it would be a liability in combat. The horns were actually for drinking. The Vikings in this episode were given horns anyway, because the writers didn't feel it was worth having to include an explanation of hornless helmets to a general audience.
Other mistake: The line spoken is "You mash up Vikings to make warrior juice." The subtitles say "You must have [...]." (00:12:30)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.