Revealing mistake: When Robin Hood comes up behind the Doctor to push him into the water, it's obviously a stunt double with a bad wig.
Revealing mistake: When the old man is stabbed, the sword is retracted and we can see there is no blood visible on the sword. This is visible even before the blood is wiped off. (00:06:55)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.