Continuity mistake: When Marian attempts to defend a man who's collapsed from exhaustion from the robot knights, when the knight says "Analysis suggests the peasant-creature is spent", the man goes from sitting up to bent over between shots. (00:17:53)
Continuity mistake: When Clara exits the TARDIS in Sherwood Forest for the first time, she closes the door. Shortly thereafter, when Robin draws his sword on the Doctor, the door has opened itself. (00:04:24)
Continuity mistake: When Robin Hood has finished introducing the merry men to the Doctor and Clara, Clara says "You really are Robin Hood and his merry men" and she is shown with her arms parted away from each other. In the next shot, her arms are suddenly closer to her. Then in the next shot, her hands are now closed together. (00:08:25)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.