The Bonfire Of The Manatees - S17-E1
Factual error: Alec Baldwin, as an expert on manatees, says that they are also called dugongs. Manatees are found in Atlantic coastal waters and in the Amazon and tributaries. The dugong is a distinct species found in the coastal waters of the Indian and southwest Pacific oceans.
The Last Of The Red Hat Mamas - S17-E7
Factual error: Milhouse says he speaks fluent Italian, but his Italian is full of basic grammatical errors. He says that "insegnante" means "masculine teacher" when the same word is used for a male or female teacher. There are errors in Lisa's Italian course too ("barca piccola" instead of "piccola barca"). Despite Lisa's understandable mistakes, as she is a learner, Milhouse never corrects her (there is no such word as "idioto"). Even Milhouse's grandmother, who is Italian, makes many grammatical mistakes.
Factual error: Moe has a double barrelled shotgun that fires four times. A double barrelled shotgun can only fire two shells before having to reload.
Answer: I'm not sure if this is the one you're thinking of, but an episode of "Ray Bradbury Theatre," called "A Sound of Thunder," dealt with a similar matter: a group of hunters travel back in time to hunt dinosaurs, only to find things have changed when they get back because someone stepped on a butterfly.
Xofer