The Prince in the Plastic - S7-E3
Other mistake: Brennan finds Angela assembling a child's toy. She asks "what is all this?" and Angela replies "this is a walking toy for my girl." But Angela didn't have a baby girl, she had a baby boy - Michael Staccato Vincent Hodgins. (00:15:00)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.