Continuity mistake: After the "date night" with Sweets and his girlfriend, Booth and Bones are in the car. When Brennan says that Booth was disrespectful, she goes from looking out the window to looking at Booth in an instant. (00:27:00)
Continuity mistake: Booth tell Hodgins to "suck it up buttercup" over the phone in the garage. During this call the position of the phone in relation to Booth's mouth changes, it moves further away between shots. (00:17:10)
Visible crew/equipment: At the very start the girl bends over to put her stuff down on the floor. Her top rides up a bit and exposes a black microphone wire. (00:00:30)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.