The Time of the Doctor - S7-E17
Other mistake: While looking around the Doctor's room, one of the children's drawings Clara passes by has the TARDIS in it... when the TARDIS has been absent for all of the 300 years the Doctor has spent on Trenzalore up to this point, so none of the pictures existing now should have the time machine present. And it's not a particularly weathered picture, either, suggesting it can't be from the beginning of his stay on the planet. (00:31:47)
Other mistake: When Mr. Thursday goes to see Vastra, to hire her to investigate his brother's death, he doesn't see her face (she's a Silurian "lizard woman from the dawn of time") until she lifts her veil to take a closer look at a photograph he brought her, upon which he faints. However, Vastra's veil is quite see-through, enough that her non-human appearance is obvious to the audience even before she lifts it. The same thing happens when she goes to visit the coroner later - although he doesn't faint.
Other mistake: As the Doctor passes a stack of three cubes, the camera is close enough to see the top cube has two small squares intertwined on the side facing diagonally toward the light. He said all were the same, no difference or individuality whatsoever. (00:03:53)
The Day of the Doctor - S7-E16
Other mistake: Billie Piper is listed as playing "Rose" in the closing credits. Rose was certainly mentioned, yes, but Piper in this episode was actually sentient superweapon the Moment, who merely took Rose's form, and was in all other respects nothing like the former companion.
The Angels Take Manhattan - S7-E6
Other mistake: The photo shoot PA from "Asylum of the Daleks" earlier in this season isn't in the credits for that episode, but is credited in this episode, despite not featuring in it. (00:45:36)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.