The End of Time: Part Two - S4-E18
Other mistake: Shortly after everyone arrives on the Vinvocci ship, when the Vinvocci and the Doctor run through the door on their way to the flight deck, the Doctor comes back to get Wilf, who didn't initially follow because he was mesmerized by the sight of the Earth from orbit. It's obvious that David Tennant went just behind the door and paused briefly before coming back into the room, which is not what the Doctor is supposed to be doing. (00:16:00)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.