Other mistake: The security guards shoot away the lock on the door, which they then kick down with no real effort. But the door would still be held in place by the hinges - they don't kick it with enough force to rip the hinges out, and even if they had, we can see that there's no damage on the hinge side of the door anyway to demonstrate their forcible removal. (00:24:20)
Other mistake: When the Doctor and Donna get onto the roof, after he sonics the door shut behind them, as they run for the crane for the window washing cart he puts his sonic screwdriver in his mouth, holding it between his teeth, and pulls something out of his pocket. It looks like he might be carrying Miss Foster's sonic pen - except that at this point in the episode, it hasn't yet been revealed. (00:24:20)
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.