The Case of the Punch in the Nose - S5-E25
Other mistake: In the shots from outside the courthouse, when the front door is opened there's a wall where none should be, presumably to prevent seeing inside the courthouse facade.
Other mistake: After the preacher walks past Andy and Sam, when the two men comment that the preacher's sermons "go on" and are "dry as dust," we can tell that all of the store's glass window panes have been removed, presumably to avoid the crew/camera's reflections as the shot pans across the window to Howie.
Aunt Bee's Invisible Beau - S5-E27
Revealing mistake: When Clara and Aunt Bee are talking in the kitchen, in the closeups facing Aunt Bee we see the counter, the cabinet, and the wall, but what we don't see are the curtains, the window, or the windowsill, which all should be on that wall. The fake window wasn't placed on the set wall for Bee's closeup.
Aunt Bee's Invisible Beau - S5-E27
Other mistake: After Andy talks to the butter and egg man in Mt. Pilot, when Andy gets in the squad car with Barney all the car doors are closed, but in the closeups from outside both sides of the car, note that both triangular vent windows are missing - the two doors are actually open for these closeups.
The Arrest of the Fun Girls - S5-E28
Continuity mistake: When Helen and Thelma Lou walk into the courthouse and find Andy and Barney dancing with Daphne and Skippy, there are lipstick marks on Barney's cheek, but when Andy gives Skippy her sweater and radio then tells them both to go, in the closeups the lipstick marks are gone, though they reappear momentarily.
The Arrest of the Fun Girls - S5-E28
Continuity mistake: When Daphne and Skippy drop in on Andy and Barney at the courthouse and want to "play jail," Skippy carries the radio and her sweater into the jail cell with her, but when Skippy asks for her ukulele we see the radio and sweater are now on the side desk, under the gun case.
The Arrest of the Fun Girls - S5-E28
Other mistake: When Andy, Helen, and Thelma Lou are parked in front of the courthouse the lights turn on, and in the closeups from outside both sides of the car, note that both triangular vent windows are missing - the two doors are actually open for these closeups. This happens again later, when Andy and Barney are each apologizing individually to Helen and Thelma Lou.
The Arrest of the Fun Girls - S5-E28
Character mistake: Barney states when the Fun Girls were in town before, in Season 4, Thelma Lou didn't speak to him for 10 days. That's not true, they made up the same day.
Opie Flunks Arithmetic - S5-E30
Continuity mistake: At the end, when Helen shows up at the courthouse and tells Andy that Opie got a B+ on the test, her purse vanishes and then reappears while she's sitting on the banister beside the desk.
Opie Flunks Arithmetic - S5-E30
Continuity mistake: When Barney, Andy, and Aunt Bee are at the table after Opie goes upstairs to study, in shots that face all three of them there are things on the middle shelf to the left and right of the center plate, but then in other shots either the left item is gone, or the right item is gone.
Opie Flunks Arithmetic - S5-E30
Other mistake: When Aunt Bee walks out of the grocery/meat store the door's located between the grocery's one display window and the TV display window, but the grocery store actually has two display windows with its door between the two. This was shot on the soundstage, not backlot.
Opie's Job - S6-E1
Visible crew/equipment: When Goober walks up to Andy outside the grocery/meat store, before Goober picks up the apples we can see a chalk mark on the ground between his feet.
Opie's Job - S6-E1
Other mistake: In the scenes outside the grocery store with Mr. Doakes, there are a couple dozen cereal boxes in the display windows - Post Grape Nuts, Post Grape Nuts Flakes, Post Alpha Bits, etc., and all the boxes have part of their names covered, such as "Rap Ut." It's pretty funny considering that TAGS cast did commercials for Post Grape Nuts, and other Post foods.
Opie's Job - S6-E1
Continuity mistake: When Aunt Bee walks by Floyd's shop the barber's pole is missing, but when Opie and Billy run across the street there's a red/white striped barber's pole, then when Andy walks by Floyd's shop the barber's pole has red/white/blue stripes.
Opie's Job - S6-E1
Continuity mistake: We see the exterior of the grocery/meat store a few times during this episode, and there are differences in things such as the actual facade of the building, the view through the doorway, etc.
Opie's Job - S6-E1
Continuity mistake: When Opie and Billy are both heading to the grocery store to apply for the job, the church is behind the boys and they're standing in front of the 'new and used furniture' store - both of which are to the right of the courthouse (when facing the courthouse), and to the left of the courthouse are the barbershop and the grocery/meat store.When the boys run across the street, they're coming from the opposite direction.
Andy's Rival - S6-E2
Other mistake: After Helen calls Andy to cancel their date, it cuts to Goober and Andy walking down the street and there's a brick wall adjacent to the grocery/meat store which should not exist.
Malcolm at the Crossroads - S6-E3
Continuity mistake: When Andy rushes up to Ernest T. and tells him to quit throwing rocks at the car, Ernest T. holds the crossing guard sign with his left hand and points at it with his right hand, but in the closeup it's vice versa. (00:01:00)
Malcolm at the Crossroads - S6-E3
Continuity mistake: At the start, Andy walks down the street and stops at the church steps to watch Ernest T. being a crossing guard, but when it cuts to the shot of Ernest T. we see the church steps yet Andy's gone, then when it cuts back to Andy he's still standing by the church steps.
Visible crew/equipment: When Floyd and the other men are with John Canfield joking about Floyd's barber skills, a chalk T-mark is visible on the ground by the man with his foot on the bench. Then when Canfield walks away we can see more chalk marks on the ground.
Answer: Those "boxes" are valences that used to be very common, before air conditioning. They allow for windows to be open during rain storms. They permit air circulation, without letting the rain in.