Continuity mistake: While in the car, after speaking to the victim's groom for the first time, Bones is looking straight at Booth in one shot then down in her lap in the next. (00:14:15)
Continuity mistake: When they get the body back to the lab, both Cam and Bones have their fingers near the forehead wound. When the shot changes, Bones' fingers are now down in the cheek wound. (00:02:30)
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.