The Christmas Invasion - S2-E2
Factual error: The episode kicks off with a reuse of the zoom-in from orbit first seen in "Rose." As the sunny North Pole indicates, the Earth is depicted as if it is the height of Northern Hemisphere summer, even though as the title of the episode indicates, it begins on Christmas Eve, three days after the northern Winter Solstice when the Pole is in darkness. (00:00:05)
The Christmas Invasion - S2-E2
Factual error: When the Doctor regrows his hand during the swordfight, he says that he can do this because he's still within the first 15 hours of his regeneration cycle, and there's still residual energy in his body. However: In both this scene, and the episode's opening scene, when the TARDIS arrives in London, it is full daylight. The episode takes place on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, 3-4 days after the Winter Solstice. London, at 51°N latitude, has a night longer than 15 hours at that time of year, meaning the Doctor should have been out of luck.
Chosen answer: 1) When Stephen Moffat took over he ignored a lot of what had been developed before (there is not in-universe answer). 2) It would have killed Rose, so the Doctor absorbed the energy. His body regenerated before the energy could do a significant amount of damage that would prevent regeneration.