Continuity mistake: At the start of the trial, Nelson is seen sitting in front of Martin and one of the twins. But in the shot after Lisa says Milhouse is the only witness, there is no sign of Nelson.
Continuity mistake: When Bart says "No talking in the cage", both him and Milhouse are right next to each other. But two shots after Lisa says Milhouse is the only witness, Milhouse is a good 10 foot away from Bart without ever having moved the cage he was in.
Continuity mistake: Everyone discovers Milhouse ate the food so they walk up to him. The shot cuts and they are further away than they were in the previous shot. (00:13:50)
Continuity mistake: When everyone discovers Milhouse has eaten the food, Milhouse then says "You wouldn't dare hurt me. You forget, I have the glasses." After this line, Nelson takes off Milhouse's glasses. At this point, a rip is visible on the left side of Nelson's shirt. Milhouse then walks backwards and Nelson is seen re-entering the shot from behind Milhouse. Only now, the rip in Nelson's shirt is now suddenly on the right side of his shirt.
Continuity mistake: When everyone sees Milhouse after they find out the food has disappeared, Milhouse's arms are by his head. In the next shot, one of his arms is suddenly on his belly.
Continuity mistake: When everyone notices no food in the cooler, the cooler lid is raised, then it is down, then it is suddenly raised.
Continuity mistake: When everyone takes food out of the cooler, Bart has a bag of OREOs which magically becomes a bag of different cookies.
Continuity mistake: When Bart comes out of the water with the cooler, he doesn't have a shirt on. At no point does he put his shirt back on, it reappears when Lisa takes the food off everyone. (00:12:45)
Continuity mistake: As soon as the fish bites Bart's butt and causes a rip in his shorts, the rip disappears almost instantly. (00:12:40)
Continuity mistake: There are 10 kids stuck on the island. But after the kids have washed up on the island and it cuts to the wide shot and it shows them on the beach, there are only 6 kids. (00:07:20)
Continuity mistake: In the shot before Nelson says "Hey, Simpson. Race you", Ralph is seen sitting on the row in front of Martin. But when Ralph says "Go, banana" he is suddenly sitting two rows in front of Martin. (00:05:25)
Continuity mistake: When Bart and Nelson first roll the orange and apple, we can see there is no-one sitting in front of Nelson. But a couple of shots earlier, we saw Milhouse sitting in front of Nelson.
Continuity mistake: On the bus, Otto rewinds his tape and there is a shot of the kids. In this shot, we can see the kids and nothing else. A couple of shots later, a food box has appeared out of nowhere.
Revealing mistake: At the U.N. meeting, Bart places his glasses down on the table to read out the Libyan exports. As he puts the glasses down, you can see they are unrealistically floating in the air.
Continuity mistake: At the Model U.N. meeting, Bart finishes speaking and puts down his papers on the right hand side of his desk. Two shots later, the papers are on the middle of the desk. (00:03:10)
Continuity mistake: The pens and pencils in the good butter change between shots when Homer begins his website. (00:04:55)
Continuity mistake: The door to Mrs. Krabappel's classroom has a window, but when Bart fakes being sick then walks out of the class (we see the desks as the door closes), the door's window has vanished, and the doorknob has switched sides as well. Additionally, earlier, when Bart deliberately falls off his chair in class, note that one of the bars on the back of his chair has gone missing. (00:07:35)
Continuity mistake: When Bart fails the test despite having actually studied, we see the two red "X" marks in the center row of the multiple choice questions, but after Mrs. Krabappel passes Bart because he applied practical knowledge, when Homer hangs the test up on the fridge those two "X" marks in the center have vanished.
Revealing mistake: When Moe grabs Ned Flanders' shirt at the bar, Ned's torso is incorrectly drawn over his arms as well as the mug he is holding. (00:10:50)
Orange Is the New Yellow - S27-E22
Other mistake: When Chief Wiggum contacts "Rafe Waggum's" parents on his phone, he dials the number and places the phone to his ear, but the phone displays the menu screen and not the call screen.
Answer: I'm not sure if this is the one you're thinking of, but an episode of "Ray Bradbury Theatre," called "A Sound of Thunder," dealt with a similar matter: a group of hunters travel back in time to hunt dinosaurs, only to find things have changed when they get back because someone stepped on a butterfly.
Xofer