Character mistake: The Enterprise is targeted by projectiles from the planet. Spock identifies them as "plasma torpedoes", and Captain Pike reacts with surprise; "Plasma torpedoes? That's 21st century tech" and from that they all establish that the civilization they contacted is not yet capable of warp drive. Plasma torpedoes are the main weaponry of the Romulans centuries later, and Earth itself did acquire warp drive in the 21st century, so this claim and deduction don't seem to add up. (00:22:15)
Plot hole: In Episode 1-7: The Serene Squall, the Enterprise is at the edge of Federation space, and it is stated that it would take two days for a message to be received by Starfleet. Later in the episode, they have no problem establishing a real-time connection to Vulcan, which, according to canon, is only 16.5 light years away from Earth.
Other mistake: The episode begins with the Enterprise unable to contact in timely fashion the Federation, because there are 2 days of delay in communications, which puts Pike in a bind since apparently he needs authorization to get in non-Federation space (which kinda undermines the premise of the show). However, later in the episode, the Enterprise contacts the Vulcan facility on Omicron Lyrae without the slightest difficulty or delay.
Under the Cloak of War - S2-E8
Other mistake: The Klingon ambassador burns his hand when grasping a goblet. It is the palm of this hand that is burnt. When he is treated in Sick Bay with a dermal regenerator, it is being used on top of his hand.
