The Man on the Fairway - S1-E14
Dr. Addey: Dr Goodman, we found 6 sets of human remains on that plane
Bones: Not to mention 3 bone fragments that were NOT on the plane.
Dr. Goodman: Is there any chance those bone fragments were on the plane?
Angela: What, as carry on luggage?
The Man on the Fairway - S1-E14
Dr. Goodman: The information that I'm about to tell you must not leave this room
Hodgins: I am philosophically imposed to institutional secrecy in all its forms.
Dr. Goodman: Fine, get out.
Answer: Since the palatine bone is a bone that helps form the mouth it has a lot to do with speaking. The shape of it differs a lot depending on your ethnic background. I would guess that they, in the show, meant that the person's bone tells that they were Japanese and that it was "made for the purpose of speaking Japanese." That's what I'd assume anyway. I've studied molecular biology though, so I'm not an expert on bones.