Continuity mistake: Patty and Skinner go to see 'Space Mutants IV: The Land Down Under'. In a season one episode, 'The Telltale Head', a sign on the Springfield Aztec movie theater reads 'Space Mutants IV: The Trilogy Continues'.
Continuity mistake: While Homer and Barney are smoking in the boys bathroom, when Principal Dondelinger walks in on them the "boys" sign on the exterior side of the door disappears in the closeup, but the sign reappears as Dondelinger exits. The door push plates on both sides of the swing door also vanish/reappear during the scene. (00:04:35)
Continuity mistake: After Lisa paces around the school hallway practising how to ask Mr. Bergstrom over for dinner, when she opens the classroom door there's a backplate behind the doorknob and a lower panel under the window, but when she sees Miss Hoover and gasps, the backplate and lower panel have both disappeared. (00:13:35)
Continuity mistake: When Miss Hoover returns to class she writes "psychosomatic" on the blackboard, but when Lisa runs out of class the word has vanished from the board. (00:13:55)
Continuity mistake: When Homer shows up to the Bouvier home the night of the prom, Selma and Patty open the door and it opens outward, but in the following shots the door has been opened inward. (00:16:10)
Continuity mistake: When Marge comes downstairs she's shocked to see Homer in her house, and when the doorbell rings we see Mrs. Bouvier wearing an orange belt with a red buckle, but then the colors switch to an orange buckle and the belt center is red. (00:16:45)
Continuity mistake: When Homer stands outside the Bouvier house to pick up Marge, the home's front door has three diagonal windows from upper left to lower right. However, when Marge gets home later after the prom, the three windows are diagonal the opposite way from upper right to lower left. (00:16:10 - 00:21:00)
Continuity mistake: When Martin tells Bart about the answers being worthless, Bart is stood by the grass or the kerb depending on the shot. (00:04:00)
Continuity mistake: When Bart gets off the bus there is a fire hydrant behind him. When we see the bus drive off the hydrant has gone. (00:07:10)
Continuity mistake: When Bart gets on the bus the day of the test, Milhouse is sitting at The Front of the bus. When we see Sherri and Terri looking at Bart, Milhouse has gone. (00:06:30)
Continuity mistake: When we see the big ape on the TV, the people running keep changing colour from black to white. (00:05:00)
Continuity mistake: When Homer puts Lisa's test on the fridge, a lot more papers appear on the fridge. (00:04:50)
Continuity mistake: When Mr Burns and Smithers are standing outside Springfield Stadium, Mr Burns says to Smithers, "Put a little smile on his card" and Smithers is writing it down with a pencil in his left hand. When the Simpsons arrive in the next shot, the pencil has changed into another piece of paper.
Continuity mistake: When Bart says to Homer that he's on "Jumbo-Vision", the man behind Homer is drinking from a paper cup with a straw, but when we see Homer on the screen, the paper cup has disappeared.
Continuity mistake: When Moe is wiping the beer glass at the beginning of the episode, the glass is initially smooth but changes to dimpled in the very next shot.
Continuity mistake: The door to Mrs. Krabappel's classroom has a window, but when Bart fakes being sick then walks out of the class (we see the desks as the door closes), the door's window has vanished, and the doorknob has switched sides as well. Additionally, earlier, when Bart deliberately falls off his chair in class, note that one of the bars on the back of his chair has gone missing. (00:07:35)
Continuity mistake: After Mrs. Krabappel asks Bart to name the pirate in Treasure Island, when it cuts to a closeup of Bart we see the set of blue books have vanished from Mrs. Krabappel's desk, and a Krusty mug has suddenly appeared there. (00:03:00)
Continuity mistake: When Bart fails the test despite having actually studied, we see the two red "X" marks in the center row of the multiple choice questions, but after Mrs. Krabappel passes Bart because he applied practical knowledge, when Homer hangs the test up on the fridge those two "X" marks in the center have vanished.
Continuity mistake: Bart's bedroom is on the opposite side of the stairs, with his window facing out to the backyard, but after his prayer his bedroom window is facing The Front of the house. Additionally, the style of his window changes as well, going from two horizontal sliding panes with no muntins, to a vertical sliding window with two muntins when Marge pulls the curtain back, then to a having only one muntin when Bart opens his window.
Continuity mistake: When Bart is called up to give his oral book report keep your eye on Bart's book, Treasure Island, and the direction of its binding. The book's binding should be to the left of The Front cover, which has the picture of a pirate wearing a black hat, but the binding changes to the right side (note the cover picture/title) of the cover at times, and when he mentions the publisher the book also changes how it's held by Bart. (00:02:10)
Answer: I'm not sure if this is the one you're thinking of, but an episode of "Ray Bradbury Theatre," called "A Sound of Thunder," dealt with a similar matter: a group of hunters travel back in time to hunt dinosaurs, only to find things have changed when they get back because someone stepped on a butterfly.
Xofer